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Sun Deng 孫登 (f. 230-260 CE) was a Daoist sage-recluse, zitherist, and allegedly the last master of transcendental whistling. Chinese literature has various anecdotes about Sun Deng refusing to teach the musicians Ji Kang (223-262) and Ruan Ji (210-263), two of the iconoclastic Seven Worthies of the Bamboo Grove. The moral of the story about Ruan Ji visiting Sun Deng, who preferred supernatural whistling over traditional master-disciple dialog, is the ineffability of the Dao (as explained in the opening of the ''Daodejing''). The Chinese poetry of the Six Dynasties and Tang dynasty developed this narrative into the "absent recluse" genre, expressing the unfulfilled desire to obtain wisdom by entering into conversation with a sage-recluse dwelling in the mountains (Varsano 1999: 56). ==Ji Kang stories== Ji Kang or Xi Kang (223-262) was a prominent intellectual of the Cao Wei (220-265) period, Daoist philosopher, author, poet, and musician. He was leader of the Seven Worthies/Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a group of intellectuals and artists who met occasionally at his estate to drink wines, take drugs, play music, and engage in witty ''qingtan'' "pure conversation". Ji Kang's polymathic interests ranged from ''xian'' "transcendence; immortality" techniques to music theory. His essay ''Yangsheng lun'' "On Nourishing Life" contends that one can achieve longevity through Daoist breathing exercises, diets (e.g., ''bigu''), and drugs (Cold-Food Powder). Drug use was widespread among the literati in early medieval China, and Ji Kang was "reputed to have been a connoisseur in this field" (Chan 2014). Ji's writings on music include the famous ''Qin fu'' "A Rhapsody on the Qin" zither, ''Shengwu aile lun'' "Essay on the Absence of Sorrow or Joy in Music", and a number of solo pieces for ''qin''. The classical Chinese stringed instrument ''qin'' 琴 "zither; (translated ) lute" is called ''guqin'' 古琴 "old zither" in Modern Standard Chinese, owing to the common use of ''qin'' in names for instrumental loanwords (such as ''kouqin'' 口琴 "mouth organ; harmonica"). Sun Deng was renowned for playing the ''duxianqin'' 独弦琴 "lone string zither; a one-stringed zither (to Vietnamese Đàn bầu )"; the (c. 500) ''Zhen'gao'' 真誥 (tr. Campany 2002: 516) says Sun Deng could "derive eight notes by plucking a single string." Ji/Xi Kang and Ruan Ji were close friends, famous for their skills in poetry, music, and ''qingtan'' ripostes. They helped to develop ''xuanxue'' "Neo-Daoism" and emphasized the importance of ''ziran'' "naturalness; spontaneity". Ji and Ruan were in a homosexual relationship with Shan Tao, another one of the Seven Worthies, who described their friendship as "stronger than metal and fragrant as orchids" (tr. Hinsch 1990: 69). Ji Kang and Ruan Ji were such close friends that ''Jiruan'' 嵇阮 was a popular portmanteau for the pair. Ji and Ruan both tried unsuccessfully to study zither and transcendental whistling with Sun Deng. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sun Deng (recluse)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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